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June 19, 2023
Ag Law Issues
and wetlands adjacent to other jurisdictional waters. In … impoundments or tributaries that meet either
the relatively permanent … “all rivers, lakes, and other waters that flow across …
May 14, 2014
Grain Market Outlook
Low
April 11th
$8.55 ½ High
May 6th
$8.24 ½ Close
May 12th
Page | 3
Futures trended generally higher since the low, moving as high as $8.55 ½ on May 6th prior to the lower closes
following the May 9th USDA reports.
I‐C. U.S. Wheat Production
U.S. All Wheat Acreage, Yield & Production
Following the results of March 31st USDA NASS Prospective Plantings Report, the USDA projected that
2014 U.S. wheat total planted acreage would be 55.815 million acres (ma), down from 56.156 ma in 2013 and
55.666 ma in 2012, but up from 54.409 ma in 2011 (Table 1 and Figures 1‐2). In addition, the USDA projected
2014 U.S. wheat harvested acreage to be 47.2 ma, up from 45.157 ma in 2013, down from 48.921 ma in 2012,
and up from 45.705 ma in 2011.
The forecast 2014 proportion of harvested‐to‐planted acreage for all U.S. wheat is projected to be 82.2%,
up from 80.4% in 2013, but down from 87.9% in 2012 and 84.0% in 2011. The proportion of harvested‐to‐
planted U.S. wheat acreage in 2013 of 80.4% was the lowest since 81.6% in 2006 and 76.0% in 2002.
The projected 2014 U.S. average wheat yield of 42.7 bushels per acre (bu/ac) is down from the record high
of 47.2 bu/ac in 2013, the previous records of 46.3 bu/ac in 2012 and 2010, and 43.7 bu/ac in 2011 (Table 1
and Figure 3). The USDA projected 2014 U.S. wheat production to be 1.963 billion bushels (bb) – which is
down from 2.130 bb in 2013, 2.266 bb in 2012, and 1.999 bb in 2011 (Table 1).
U.S. Winter Wheat Acreage, Yield, and Production for 2014
In its May 9th USDA Crop Production report the USDA projected U.S. winter wheat planted acreage to be
42.007 million acres (ma). These acres of winter wheat were seeded in the fall of 2013 with the intention of
harvesting them in the summer of 2014. This projection of 42.007 ma planted in the U.S. in 2014 is down from
43.090 ma in 2013, but greater than 41.224 ma in 2012, and 40.646 ma in 2011 (Figure 1). Winter wheat
harvested acreage in the U.S. in 2014 is projected to be 32.572 ma – with an implicit 2014 U.S. winter wheat
percent harvested‐to‐planted acres of 77.5%. This compares to U.S. winter wheat harvested acreage in 2013
of 32.402 ma – with an implicit 2013 U.S. winter wheat percent harvested‐to‐planted acres of 75.2%. IF
extreme drought conditions continue in the U.S. Great Plains states of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado and
Nebraska in coming weeks and months – the five states of which make up the primary U.S. hard red winter
wheat production area – then the proportion of harvested‐to‐planted acres in 2014 could decline even further,
possibly even below the 75.2% level of 2013.
Winter wheat yields in 2014 in the U.S. are projected to be 43.1 bu/ac, down from the record high of 47.4
bu/ac in 2013. United States’ 2014 winter wheat production is forecast to be 1.403 bb, down from 1.534 bb in
2013. Of the 2014 total of 1.963 bb, 2014 U.S. hard red winter wheat production is forecast to be 746 million
bushels (mb), up marginally from 744 mb in 2013. U.S. 2014 soft red winter wheat production is forecast to
be 447 million bushels (mb), down from 565 mb a year ago – primarily due to lower planted acreage in 2014.
White winter wheat production in the U.S. in 2014 is projected to be 209 mb, down 7% from 2013.
U.S. Other Spring & Durum Wheat Acr …
May 19, 2015
Grain Market Outlook
… World Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB) released its May 2015 World Agricultural
Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report – containing U.S. and World wheat supply‐demand and price
projections for the 2013/14, “current” 2014/15, as well as the “new crop” 2015/16 marketing years. The
“current” 2014/15 marketing year for U.S. wheat will end on May 31, 2015, while the “new crop” 2015/16 U.S.
wheat marketing year will begin on June 1, 2015 and will last through May 31, 2016.
In the May 12th WASDE report the USDA released projections for the “new crop” 2015/16 marketing year
for corn, grain sorghum, wheat, soybeans and other major crops. Projections of 2015 crop size for wheat are
based on actual farmer surveys and field trials conducted from April 24th to May 7th by the USDA National
Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS).
I‐B. CME Hard Red Winter Wheat Futures & U.S. Dollar Index Trends
Since market highs of $7.03 ¾ per bushel on December 18, 2014, the CME JULY 2015 Kansas hard red
winter wheat futures contract trended sharply lower – falling to a low of $5.37 on February 2, 2015. Then
after rising to a high of $5.86 on February 17, 2015, JULY 2015 futures fell again to $5.22 ¾ on March 6th.
Another round of an upward price trend to above $5.90 in early April was followed by a decline to below $$.90
in early May, and then a rise to $5.49 ½ on May 15, 2015.
Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) JULY 2015 Kansas HRW Wheat futures prices responded to the
release of the May 12th USDA reports by trading sideways‐to‐lower for the day. JULY 2015 HRW wheat
efutures prices opened at $5.09 on Tuesday, May 12th. The USDA reports were released at midday (i.e., 11
a.m., central time). That day prices traded as low as $5.05 ¼ and as high as $5.18 ¾ per bushel during the
session before closing $0.01 lower for the day at $5.07 ¾ /bu (Figure 1).
Figure 1. MAY 2015 & JULY 2015 CME Kansas Wheat Futures Price Charts (electronic trade) …
September 1, 2015
Grain Market Outlook
… Futures
January 5, 2015 – September 1, 2015
Close = $5.14 ½ on 9/1/2015
DEC 2015 CME KS Wheat Futures
January 5, 2015 – September 1, 2015
Close = $4.82 ¼ on 9/1/2015
Page | 3
the range of a high of $5.15 ¼ on Friday, August 14th to a low of $4.78 ¼ on Monday, August 31st, before closing
at $4.82 ¼ per bushel on Tuesday, September 1st.
Similarly, CME JULY 2016 Hard Red Winter wheat futures prices opened at $5.40 ¾ on Wednesday,
August 12th – the day of the release of the USDA reports at midday (i.e., 11 a.m., central time) – and traded in a
high‐low range of a high of $5.47 ½ down to a low of $5.29 during the session before closing $0.12 lower for
the day at $5.31 ½ /bu (Figure 1). Since the August 12th USDA report, CME JULY 2016 Kansas HRW wheat
futures have trended lower, trading in the range of a high of $5.47 ½ on Friday, August 14th to a low of $5.12 ½
on Monday, August 31st, before closing at $5.14 ½ per bushel on Tuesday, September 1st.
The Trade Weighted U.S. Dollar Index has been generally trending higher from mid‐July 2011 through
early July 2014 (Figure 2). After an index value of 75.69 on July 1, 2014 the calculated U.S. trade weighted
dollar index trended up to a high of 93.37 on Friday, February 13, 2015 – an increase of 23.4%. After moving
lower for a period of time, the index rose again to a high of 93.09 on August 5, 2015. The latest recorded value
of the Trade Weighted U.S. Dollar Index was 90.93 on August 21, 2015 – moving sideways to lower from the
early August 2015 high.
Figure 2. Daily U.S. Trade Weighted Dollar Index (Source: St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank, FRED)
This trend in the value of the U.S. trade weighted dollar index is especially significant to the U.S. wheat
market. This is because a higher U.S. dollar exchange rate relative to other major currencies generally makes it
more expensive for foreign buyers of U.S. wheat to exchange their country’s currencies for U.S. dollars – which
they would then in turn use to purchase U.S. wheat exports (i.e., which are denominated or “priced” in U.S.
dollars). Although this is not the only factor negatively impacting U.S. wheat exports, it is a very important one
– working against U.S. wheat being an affordable, competitive alternative export seller in World wheat trade.
Since early March the U.S. Trade Weighted Dollar Index has decline moderately – lending support longer term
prospects for U.S. wheat trade should this down trend continue. …
September 5, 2017
Grain Market Outlook
… lity exists of broader U.S. and Foreign economic and/or financial system disruptions that
could impact grain, energy, and other commodity markets in 2017‐2018. World geo‐political events could
provide “shocks” to U.S. and World energy and grain markets which could in turn impact grain prices in either
direction depending on the circumstances and the countries involved and their role in global corn export trade.
4. USDA Supply‐Demand & Price Forecast for “New Crop” MY 2017/18
With the USDA’s projection of 2017 U.S. corn plantings at 90.886 million acres or ‘ma’ (down 3.118 ma
from 2016), harvested acres of 83.496 ma (down 3.252 ma), and projected yields of 169.5 bu/ac (vs the record
high of 174.6 in 2016), 2017 U.S. corn production is forecast to be 14.153 bb – down from the record high of
15.148 bb in 2016.
The USDA forecast “new crop” MY 2017/18 total supplies to be 16.573 bb – down 367 mb from last year’s
record high. Total use is forecast at 14.300 bb – down 270 mb from last year’s record high. Ending stocks are
projected to be 2.273 bb (15.90% S/U) – down from 2.370 bb (16.27% S/U) in “old crop” MY 2016/17. United
States’ corn prices are projected to average $3.30 /bu (range of $2.90‐$3.70). This is down $0.05 /bu from the
midpoint estimate of $3.35 /bu from “old crop” MY 2016/17. This scenario is given a 50% likelihood of
occurring by KSU Extension Agricultural Economist D. O’Brien.
5. Alternative KSU Supply‐Demand & Price Forecast for “New crop” MY 2017/18
Four alternative KSU‐Scenarios for U.S. corn supply‐demand and prices are presented for “new crop” MY
2017/18. Each forecast scenario presents the likelihood of lower U.S. corn acreage, yields and production than
projected by the USDA in the August 10, 2017 WASDE report for “new crop” MY 2017/18.
A ‐ KSU “New crop” MY 2017/18 Scenario #1) “167.3 bu/ac – 13.815 bb” Scenario (35% probability) assumes:
89.886 ma planted, 82.577 ma harvested, 167.3 bu/ac trend yield, 13.815 bb production, 16.235 bb total
supplies, 14.245 bb total use, 1.990 bb ending stocks, 13.97% S/U, & $3.60 /bu U.S. corn average price for
“new crop” MY 2017/18;
Page | 3
B ‐ KSU “New crop” MY 2017/18 Scenario #2) “164.0 bu/ac – 13.543 bb” Scenario (10% probability) assumes:
89.886 ma planted, 82.577 ma harvested, 164.0 bu/ac yield, 13.543 bb production, 15.963 bb total
supplies, 14.120 bb total use, 1.843 bb ending stocks, 13.05% S/U, & $3.75 /bu U.S. corn average price for
“new crop” MY 2017/18;
C ‐ KSU “New crop” MY 2017/18 Scenario #3) “160.0 bu/ac – 13.212 bb” Scenario (4% probability) assumes:
89.886 ma planted, 82.577 ma harvested, 160.0 bu/ac yield, 13.212 bb production, 15.632 bb total
supplies, 13.920 bb total use, 1.712 bb ending stocks, 12.30% S/U, & $3.85 /bu U.S. corn average price for
“new crop” MY 2017/18;
D ‐ KSU “New crop” MY 2017/18 “Wildcard” Scenario #4) “167.3 bu/ac – 13.815 bb” Scenario (1%
probability) assumes: 89.886 ma planted, 82.577 ma harvested, 167.3 bu/ac trend yield, 13.815 bb
production, 16.235 bb total supplies, 14.085 bb total use, 2.150 bb ending stocks, 15.26% S/U, & $3.45 /bu
U.S. corn average price for “new crop” MY 2017/18;
Note: even with significant reductions in 2017 U.S. corn production as represented in the KSU Scenarios A, B, C
and D above, the presence of large beginning stocks of 2.370 bb in “new crop” MY 2017/18 limit the
“tightness” of corn supply‐demand balances, and hinders any upward price responses.
5. World Corn Supply‐Demand – With & Without China
World corn production of 1,033.5 million metric tons (mmt) is projected for “new crop” MY 2017/18, down
1.7% from the record high of 1,070.5 mmt in “old crop” MY 2016/17, but still up 7.1% from 969.5 mmt in MY
2015/16. Near record World corn total supplies of 1,262.1 mmt are projected for “new crop” MY 2017/18,
down marginally from the record high of 1,284.0 mmt in “old crop” MY 2016/17, but up from 1,178.7 mmt in
MY 2015/16.
World corn exports of a 152.0 mmt are projected for “new crop” MY 2017/18, down 6.4% from the record
high of 162.4 mmt in “old crop” MY 2016/17, and up 27.1% from 119.6 mmt in MY 2015/16. Projected World
corn ending stocks of 200.9 mmt (18.9% S/U) in “new crop” MY 2017/18 are down from the record high 228.6
mmt (21.7% S/U) in “old crop” MY 2016/17, and from 213.5 mmt (22.1% S/U) in MY 2015/16.
An alternative view of the World corn supply‐demand is presented if Chinese corn usage and ending stocks
are isolated from the World market. “World Less China” corn ending stocks are projected to be 119.6 mmt
(14.5% S/U) in “new crop” MY 2017/18, down from 127.3 mmt (15.5% S/U) in “old crop” MY 2016/17, but up
from 102.7 mmt (13.7% S/U). These figures show that World stocks‐to‐use of corn less China’s direct influence
are projected to be down approximately 23% (i.e., 14.5% S/U for the “World Less China” versus 18.9% S/U for
the “World” overall in “new crop” MY 2017/18).
These figures also show that Chinese ending stocks of corn as proportion of the World overall is declining –
down from 51.9% in MY 2015/16 to 44.3% in “old crop” MY 2016/17, and down to 40.5% in “new crop” MY
2017/18. The deliberate actions taken by the Chinese government in recent years to reduce feedgrain
stockpiles is impacting the relative amount of corn stocks they hold in the World corn market.
…
September 28, 2017
Grain Market Outlook
levels $0.65 to $0.40 per bushel under DEC 2017 Corn, but still above local FSA loan rates
of $1.85‐$1.93 /bu.. At Topeka in East Central Kansas, a bid was reported of $3.14 /bu (basis = $0.40 under).
Kansas ethanol plant price bids for grain sorghum ranged from $3.14 ¼ to $3.37 ¼ , with basis at $0.35 to
$0.15 under DEC 2017 Corn futures. This higher ethanol bid relative to other Kansas cash grain sorghum …
November 21, 2017
Grain Market Outlook
… …
Page | 4
I. USDA Reports, Corn Futures, Seasonal Prices & U.S. Dollar
I‐a. November 9th USDA Crop Production & WASDE Reports
On November 9th the USDA World Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB) released its November 2017 World
Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report – containing U.S. and World corn supply‐demand
and price projections for the 2015/16, “old crop” 2016/17, and “new crop” 2017/18 marketing years (MY).
The “new crop” MY 2017/18 for U.S. corn began on September 1, 2017 and will last through August 31, 2018.
On the same day the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) released its November 2017
Crop Production report. In this report the USDA used a combination of in‐field objective yield measurements
and farmer surveys conducted between October 25th and November 6th to estimate expected U.S. corn yields
as of November 1st. The objective yield surveys for corn were conducted in the major producing states for
approximately 75% of U.S. corn production. Counts were made within sample plots in person by USDA
enumerators, recording number of corn plants and ears, and ear weights in order to calculate the projected
2017 biological yields for each plot. Average percent harvest loss was then subtracted from these biological
yield estimates to obtain a net yield for each plot sampled.
The same corn plots which were sampled for the August, September and October USDA NASS Crop
Production reports were revisited for the November report. The November 9th USDA NASS Crop Production
report was based on a similar combination of farmers’ own crop observations and harvested yield reports, and
actual in‐the‐field yield measurements and conditions for fields remaining to be harvested. A final USDA NASS
Crop Production Summary report with an estimate of 2017 U.S. corn production will be reported on January
12, 2018.
I‐b. CME DECEMBER 2017 & JULY 2018 Corn Futures Trends
DECEMBER 2017 CME Corn Futures
Following a low of $3.58 ½ on August 31, 2016, DECEMBER 2017 Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) corn
futures prices trended upward over time to highs of $4.04 on February 28, 2017, $4.09 on June 8th, and $4.17
¼ on July 11th (Figure 1). Following that high, DEC 2017 corn futures prices declined to lows of $3.44 ¼ on
August 31st, $3.42 ½ on October 12th, and $3.36 ¼ on Nov. 16th ‐ before closing at $3.45 on November 21st.
JULY 2018 CME Corn Futures
In a similar trading pattern to DEC 2017 corn futures, following a low of $3.79 on August 31, 2016, JULY
2018 CME corn futures prices trended upward over time to highs of $4.18 ¾ on February 28, 2017, $4.26 ½ on
June 8th, and $4.34 ¼ on July 11th (Figure 1). Following that high, JULY 2018 corn futures prices declined to
lows of $3.71 on August 31, 2017, $3.72 ½ on September 12th, $3.71 ½ on November 9th, and $3.65 on
November 16‐17 ‐ before closing at $3.72 ¼ on November 21st.
CME Corn Futures DEC 2017 – JULY 2018 Contract Spreads
The total futures carrying charge or “term spread” between DEC 2017 and JULY 2018 corn futures on
Tuesday, December 21st was $0.27 ¼ per bushel (i.e., $3.72 ½ for JULY 2018 Corn less $3.45 for DEC 2017
Page | 5
Corn), or $0.0389 per bushel per month over a 7‐month period. This compares to commercial grain storage
charges in Kansas grain elevators in the range of $0.04 to $0.05 per bushel per month – and some as high as
$0.06 per bushel per month in adjoining states – before accounting for interest, additional handling costs, or
other discounts.
Figure 1. DEC 2017 & JULY 2018 CME Daily Corn Futures Price Charts (as of November 21, 2017) …
April 3, 2018
Grain Market Outlook
Page | 3
I. USDA Reports, Corn Futures, Seasonal Prices & U.S. Dollar
I‐a. March 8th USDA Crop Production & WASDE Reports
On February 23rd the USDA Office of the Chief Economist (OCE) released its projections of U.S. Grain and
Oilseeds Outlook for “new crop” MY 2018/19 at the 94th annual Agricultural Outlook Forum in Arlington,
Virginia. The “new crop” 2018/19 marketing year for U.S. corn will begin on September 1, 2018 and will last
through August 31, 2019. The next USDA U.S. soybean production and supply‐demand estimates for the “new
crop” 2018/19 marketing year will be released in the May 10th USDA WASDE report, and will be based on
USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) projections from the March 29th USDA Prospective Plantings Report
acreage report, using historic harvested‐to‐planted acreage relationships, and a selected 2018 trend yield.
On March 8th the USDA World Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB) released its March 2018 World
Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report – containing U.S. and World soybean supply‐
demand and price projections for the 2015/16, 2016/17, and “old crop” 2017/18 marketing years (MY). “Old
crop” MY 2017/18 for U.S. corn began on September 1, 2017 and will last through August 31, 2018.
On March 29th the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) released its Prospective Plantings
and Grain Stocks reports. Both the Prospective Plantings report and on‐farm portion of the Grain Stocks
report are defined by NASS as “probability surveys” that were conducted during the first two weeks in March.
This combined survey included approximately 82,900 farm operators as a representative sample of U.S. farm
producers. Data from farm operators was collected by “mail, internet, telephone, or personal interview.”
The off‐farm portion of the March 29th Grain Stocks survey was an effort to have a complete enumeration
or “counting” of all 8,500 known commercial grain storage facilities – totaling approximately 11.2 billion
bushels in commercial grain storage capacity. Reports were received from about 90% of these facilities by the
USDA, with estimates made for the remaining 10% who had not responded to the survey.
The first USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) estimate of 2018 U.S. soybean production
based on actual farmer surveys and in‐field corn plot measurements will be presented in the August 10, 2018
USDA NASS Crop Production report. This will be followed by similar reports in the September, October, and
November, and the final summary report for 2018 to be released in January 2019.
I‐b. CME MAY & DECEMBER 2018 Corn Futures Trends
MAY 2018 CME Corn Futures
Following a high of $4.30 on July 11, 2017, MAY 2018 Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) corn futures
prices trended downward through late summer, fall, and mid‐winter to a low of $3.53 ¾ on January 12, 2018
(Figure 1). After that MAY 2018 corn futures prices first trended higher then lower again, first being up to a
high or $3.95 ¼ on March 13, 2017, before declining to a low of $3.77 ¼ on March 23rd and closing at $3.73 ½
on March 28th. Then following the USDA Reports released the morning of March 29th, MAY 2018 CME corn
futures traded as high as $3.89 ¼ that same day, and up to $3.92 ½ on April 2nd before closing at $3.87 ¼ that
same day.
Page | 4
DECEMBER 2018 CME Corn Futures
DECEMBER 2018 corn futures have followed a similar trading pattern to MAY 2018 corn futures. Following
highs of $4.29 ½ on July 11, 2017 and $4.28 on July 20th, DEC 2018 Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) corn
futures prices trended downward through late summer, fall, and into winter to lows of $3.79 ¼ on December
17‐18, 2017, $3.79 ¾ on January 12, 2018 (Figure 1). After that DEC 2018 corn futures prices first trended
higher then lower again, first being up to a high of $4.12 on March 14, 2018, before declining to a low of $3.91
½ on March 23rd and closing at $3.97 on March 28th. Then following the USDA Reports released the morning
of March 29th, DEC 2018 CME corn futures traded as high as $4.11 ¾ that same day, and up to $4.16 on April
2nd before closing at $4.11 ¼ that same day.
CME Corn Futures MAY 2018 – SEPT 2018 Contract Spreads
The total futures carrying charge or “term spread” between MAY 2018 and SEPT 2018 corn futures on
Monday, April 2nd was $0.15 ½ per bushel (i.e., $4.02 ¾ for SEPT 2018 Corn less $3.87 ¼ for MAY 2018 Corn),
or $0.03875 per bu. per month over 4 months. This compares to commercial grain storage charges in Kansas in
the range of $0.04 to $0.05 per bushel per month – and some as high as $0.06 per bushel per month in
adjoining states – before accounting for interest, additional handling costs, or other discounts.
Figure 1. MAY & DECEMBER 2018 CME Daily Corn Futures Price Charts (as of April 2, 2018) …
December 22, 2014
Grain Market Outlook
h early spring.
The next major survey based USDA report addressing U.S. crop production for soybeans and other major crops
will be the … most recent marketing years.
Uptrends in United States’ Soybean Production & Exports
The growth in United States’ soybean production and exports compares to that in South America over this
same three period, with 82.8 mmt of U.S. soybean production in MY 2012/13 (30.8% of World total), 91.4 mmt
Page | 3
in MY 2013/14 (32.0% of World total), and a projected amount of 107.7 mmt in “current crop” MY 2014/15
(34.4% of the World total).
United States’ soybean exports have grown from 35.9 mmt in MY 2012/13 (35.7% of World total), to 44.8
mmt in MY 2013/14 (39.7% of World total), and a projected amount of 47.9 mmt in “current crop” MY
2014/15 (40.2% of the World total).
United States’ soybean production and exports in “current crop” MY 2014/15 are projected to be up 30.1%
over last year, and up 33.6% over two years ago.
The Necessity to the Soybean Market of Continued Strength in Chinese Import Demand
It is widely acknowledged by soybean market analysts that continued growth and/or at least sustainability
of Chinese soybean imports at current and projected levels is necessary for continuance of the historically high
World soybean prices that have occurred since the 2012/13 marketing year. Economists have speculated that
Chinese soybean import demand growth may eventually slow due to swine industry production problems or
other broad, systematic economic …
October 1, 2024
2024 Kansas Crop Insurance Presentations
Special Provision Statement Change: Silage Sorghum
Insured Crop: In addition to section 5 of the Silage Sorghum Endorsement, for the non‐irrigated practice only, you must submit acceptable records of acreage and harvested silage tonnage by the production reporting date that are used in setting your Actual Production History approved yield. The records must show that you planted and harvested silage sorghum in at least two of the last four crop years and that such silage tonnage was either sold or fed. Insured producers who have at least two years of acceptable records of producing corn silage that was sold or fed may use such records or a combination of corn silage and silage sorghum records to meet this qualification requirement. You must provide supporting evidence/verifiable records of the fed or sold silage production in accordance with the Crop Insurance Handbook procedures.
Why …